At the heart of every optical transceiver lie three essential components, often called the “Three Pillars” of optical communication: Laser — generates light. Modulator — encodes data onto the light. Average optical power refers to the optical power outputted by the optical module's transmitter under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light. Its primary function entails converting electrical signals into optical signals. This assembly comprises a light source, such as a laser diode or a semiconductor light-emitting diode (LED), an optical interface, a. The optical module, known as Optical Transceiver in English, is a general term for various module categories, including optical receiver modules, optical transmitter modules, optical transceiver modules, and optical forwarding modules. Optical modules typically have an electrical interface on the side that connects to the inside of the system and an optical interface on the side that connects to the outside. Whether in 5G base stations, hyperscale data centers, or long-haul telecom networks, these modules convert electrical signals into optical ones — and back again — to ensure fast, stable, and energy-efficient communication.
